1984 - George Orwell

purges【律】以認錯贖(罪)

a dingy又黑又髒的；昏暗的；骯髒的singlet背心；無袖汗衫；運動背心

sitting side by side on a bunk(尤指兒童雙層床的）床鋪；上鋪；下鋪

He reeked散發臭氣；發出難聞的氣味 of gin.

something that was beyond forgiveness and could never be remedied, had just happened.

buggers傢伙；渾蛋；壞蛋

gyrating迴旋

touching his toes with knees unbent


palimpsest再生羊皮紙卷，重寫羊皮書卷（全部或部份原有文字被刮去，在上面另行書寫）

superseded代替, 取代

were due for destruction

with very hairy ears and a surprising talent
juggling玩雜耍; 變戲法 with rhymes and metres
garbled被混淆的; 搞亂了的

with its fifty workers or thereabouts大約, 上下

engaged in an unimaginable multitude許多[C][(+of)] of jobs



the vast repositories容器; 貯藏處; 寶庫where the corrected documents were stored

with every conceivable可想到的, 可想像的kind of information

supply the multifarious多種的; 繁雜的; 多方面的 needs of the party
for the benefit of the proletariat無產階級; 勞工階級

Winston's greatest pleasure in life was in his work. Most of it was a
tedious routine, but included in it there were also jobs so difficult and
intricate that you could lose yourself in them as in the depths of a
mathematical problem--delicate pieces of forgery in which you had nothing
to guide you except your knowledge of the principles of Ingsoc and your
estimate of what the Party wanted you to say.

The great purges使潔淨, 使淨化; 清除; 清洗involvingthousands of people, with public trials of traitors and thought-criminals
abject糟透的; 淒苦的; 難堪的
would implicate牽連; 連累hundreds of

a style at once military and pedantic賣弄學問的

important despatches急件
the purity and single-mindedness of Comrade Ogilvy's life

a total abstainer戒酒者; 節制者 and a nonsmoker

the care of a family to be incompatible with a twenty-four-hour-a-day devotion to duty.

The unnecessary cross-referencing that it would entail 必需; 使承擔.

In the low-ceilinged canteen, deep underground, the lunch queue jerked
slowly forward.

philologist語言學者; 文獻學者; 文學家的

with dark hair and large, protuberant突起的; 隆起的; 顯著的
eyes, at once mournful and derisive, which seemed to search
your face closely while he was speaking to you.

he had two unused ones which he was hoarding貯藏(物) up.

There had been a famine of them for months past.

get hold of抓住
scrounging搜尋; 四處尋找 more or less furtively on the 'free' market.

'I know you,' the eyes seemed to say, 'I see through you. I know very well why you didn't go to see those prisoners hanged.'

venomously狠毒地; 充滿惡意地 orthodox正統的; 傳統的, 習俗的; 通常的

said Syme reminiscently回憶地; 懷舊地
prole【英】【口】無產者; 普羅階級 with the ladle杓子; 長柄杓[C]


Winston and Syme pushed their trays beneath the grille格子窗; 鐵窗

a metal pannikin小盤; 小平底鍋 of pinkish-grey stew, a hunk大塊, 大片; 厚塊of bread, a cube of cheese, a mug of milkless Victory Coffee, and one saccharine糖精 tablet.
sloppiness【貶】馬虎; 凌亂; 【口】【貶】感情脆弱; 過於傷感

He had brightened up immediately at the mention of Newspeak.

We're cutting the language down to the bone.

Become obsolete廢棄的, 淘汰的before the year 2050.'

with a sort of pedant's passion

had divined what he was about to say

he might be fulminating嚴詞譴責的 against the atrocities of the Eurasian army
It was not the man's brain that was speaking, it was his larynx【解】喉頭[C].
to quack like a duck

he venerated尊敬; 崇敬 Big Brother

He said things that would have been better unsaid

frequenting the Chestnut Tree Cafe
His whole appearance was that of a little boy grown large, so much so that although

overalls (寬大、有肩帶的)工裝褲, 工作褲
sleeves rolled back from pudgy矮胖的; 粗而短的 forearms

giving off an intense smell of sweat. Beads of moisture stood out all over his pink face. His powers of sweating were extraordinary.

I gave him a good dressing-down【口】斥責; 打 for it.

taken aback吃驚, 出乎意料
Pretty smart for a nipper【英】【口】少年; 小孩 of seven, eh?

dented凹痕; 齒 trays
Always in your stomach and in your skin there was a sort
of protest, a feeling that you had been cheated of something that you had
a right to.

The sweat started out on Winston's backbone. A horrible pang of terror
went through him.

A nervous tic【醫】(面部習慣性的)抽筋; 痙攣
Your worst enemy, he reflected, was your own nervous system.


was inextricably逃不掉地 mixed up with fornication通姦 (copulation, coition, intercourse, sex)

Consorting陪伴; 結交with prostitutes was forbidden.

furtive偷偷的; 鬼鬼祟祟的; 狡猾的

beget (通常指父親)生(子女); 為...之生父children for the service of the Party

like having an enema【醫】灌腸; 灌腸劑(器)

All children were to be begotten by artificial insemination懷孕; 授精.

wince畏縮; 退避 and stiffen

remain celibate獨身者; 獨身主義者
by the hypnotic power of the Party

Chastity was as deep ingrained根深蒂固的 in them as Party loyalty.

impregnable 攻不破的, 難以攻陷的; 堅不可摧的

revealing nothing except a cavernous洞穴狀的; 凹狀的 blackness

reverberation回響; 餘韻; 反射

The proles are breaking loose掙脫 at last!

The larger evils invariably escaped their notice.

racketeers謀取不義之財的人; 詐騙者; 敲詐勒索者[C]

scratched his varicose靜脈曲張的 ulcer

stale不新鮮的, 腐壞的; 污濁的breadcrusts

pillory(古代刑具)頸手枷, the stocks, the treadmill踏車, the cat-o'-nine tails
JUS PRIMAE NOCTIS- It was the law by which every capitalist had the right to sleep with any woman working in one of his factories.


dinginess骯髒; 衣衫襤褸

logging through dreary jobs, fighting for a place on the Tube, darning織補 a worn-out sock, cadging乞討; 乞得 a saccharine tablet, saving a cigarette end

persecuting迫害, 殘害

traitors and counter-revolutionaries

embezzlement挪用; 侵吞; 盜用公款 of public funds

reinstated使復原; 使恢復; 使復職 in the Party

given posts which were in fact sinecures近於無工作的有薪職位 but which sounded important

relics遺物; 遺風, 遺俗of the ancient world

It was not wise even to be seen in the neighbourhood of such people.

A rehashing重新處理; 改寫; 重講 of the ancient themes

with thick negroid黑人的; 黑人特有的 lips

their fate was recorded in the Party histories, a warning to posterity後裔, 子孫

formed its frontispiece卷頭插畫

something that penetrated inside your skull, battering against your
brain, frightening you out of your beliefs, persuading you, almost, to
deny the evidence of your sense

interminable沒完沒了的, 無止盡的; 冗長不堪的

axiom【邏】【數】公理; 自明之理

his varicose ulcer was throbbing抽動; 陣陣作痛

balminess宜人, 清爽; 芳香[U] of the April air

camaraderie【法】同志間的友愛和忠誠



cobbled鋪有大卵石的 street

battered打扁了的 doorways出入口, 門口, 門道

waddling (鴨、鵝般地)搖搖擺擺地走 women
puddles水坑; 泥潭; 洼

Winston caught scraps碎片, 小塊of conversation as he approached.

Suddenly the whole street was in commotion騷動, 喧鬧.

grimy污穢的 swing doors

in violent altercation爭論; 爭吵

the only reason for remaining alive. It was their delight, their folly, their anodyne止痛的, their intellectual stimulant.

thoroughfare大街, 大道; 幹線道路

bristled (動物的)短而硬的毛; (植物的)刺毛

straightening his shoulders pugnaciously好鬥地, 好爭吵地; 好戰地

a pint's the 'alf of a quart, and there's four quarts to the gallon

tentatively試驗性地; 暫時地

mild beer--wallop we used to call it

lackeys僕人

rowdy粗暴的人; 無賴; 粗暴的; 喧鬧的


twinge劇痛, 刺痛; 陣痛
debased降低(品質、價值等); 貶低(人格

keepsake紀念品

chisels鑿子

agate瑪瑙brooches

convoluted旋繞的; 迴旋的

a sea anemone【動】海葵
.

The thing was doubly attractive because of its apparent uselessness, though he could guess that it must once have been intended as a paperweight.



cumbersome笨重的; (因體積、重量等原因)難處理的

the room had awakened in him a sort of nostalgia, a sort of ancestral
memory

fender【美】(汽車等的)防護板, 擋泥板[C] and a kettle on the hob壁爐擱架
There was a small bookcase in the other corner, and Winston had already
gravitated towards it.


"Oranges and lemons, say the bells of St Clement's."
"Here comes a candle to light you to bed, Here comes a
chopper to chop off your head." It was a kind of a dance. They held out
their arms for you to pass under, and when they came to "Here comes a
chopper to chop off your head" they brought their arms down and caught you.

"Oranges and lemons, say the bells of St Clement's,
You owe me three farthings, say the bells of St Martin's----"


an even more incongruous不合適的; 不適宜的; 不相稱的 possession than the glass paperweight

reconnoitring【軍】偵察the

an amateur spy actuated激勵 (incite, inspire, inspirit, kindle) by officiousness

to establish a partial部分的, 局部的; 不完全的alibi for the evening

A deadly lassitude困乏; 厭倦 had taken hold of him.

life is a moment-to-moment struggle against hunger or cold or sleeplessness

the grovelling匍匐的 on the floor and screaming for mercy, the crack of broken bones, the smashed teeth and bloody clots of hair.

succumbed屈服; 委棄; 聽任to thoughtcrime

knell鐘聲; 喪鐘聲


fatuous愚昧的; 昏庸的

to shirk逃避義務(或責任等), 偷懶 his

It was like trying to make a move at chess when you were already mated.

He might have flinched畏懼; 退縮[(+from)] altogether from

haricot蔬菜燉羊肉; 扁豆 beans

vanquished征服, 擊敗; 克服, 抑制

scrimmage纏打; 亂鬥

shoved推; 撞, butted, squirmed蠕動, 扭動his way forward into the heart of the crowd

fleeting轉瞬間的; 短暫的 squeeze

their hands were clasped together

the work-hardened palm with its row of callouses硬結的, 起老繭的

spend an afternoon with 'in-laws' in the country

bluebells會開藍色鐘形花的草

made him feel dirty and etiolated (常因缺乏光線而)蒼白的

a tiny grassy knoll圓丘, 小丘[C] surrounded by tall saplings幼樹, 樹苗

The bluebells had cascaded使瀑布似地落下on to the ground.

'I'm thirty-nine years old. I've got a wife that I can't get rid of. I've
got varicose veins. I've got five false teeth.'

'I couldn't care less,' said the girl.

she was utterly unresisting, he could do what he liked with her.






I never shirk逃避義務(或責任等), 偷懶 anything.

she talked with an open jeering嘲笑的, 嘲弄的 hatred which made Winston feel uneasy

They were standing in the shade of hazel bushes. The sunlight, filtering

dace鰷魚

thrush【鳥】鶇科; 歌鶇

'Of course. Hundreds of times--well, scores 大量, 許多[P][(+of)] of times, anyway.'

I ought to suit you, dear. I'm corrupt to the bones.

No emotion was pure, because everything was mixed up with fear and hatred. Their embrace had been a battle, the climax a victory. It was a blow struck against the Party. It was a political act.

She obviously had a practical注重實效的, 講究實際的, 有實際經驗的 cunning which Winston lacked

enunciating發表; 宣佈 an important general


the belfry鐘樓 of a ruinous church

'talking by instalments'

It paid, she said, it was camouflage偽裝; 掩飾.

she said parenthetically作為插入成分地, 附帶說明地

(an infallible絕對正確的; 永無過失的mark of good reputation

evading it, as a rabbit dodges閃開, 躲開a dog

had long ceased to be a painful memory and became merely a distasteful one

sexual privation喪失; 缺乏; 貧困, 困苦induced hysteria, which was desirable
because it could be transformed into war-fever and leader-worship

All this marching up and down and cheering and waving flags is simply sex gone sour

That was very true, he thought

stifling令人發悶的; 鬱悶難受的; 令人窒息的 heat of the afternoon

'Why didn't you give her a good shove推; 撞?'

He felt her shoulders give a wriggle蠕動; 扭動; 蜿蜒而行of dissent不同意, 持異議. She always contradicted him when he said anything of this kind.

prosaically無想像力地, 平凡地, 枯燥無味地

it was only common courtesy

talking of trivialities and buying odds and ends for the household

as surely as 99 precedes 100.

he sat up against the bedhead

They were so sour that it set your teeth on edge even to smell them.

display four hundred metres of bunting製旗用的布[U

giving out from every fold of his body what seemed an inexhaustible supply of acrid (味道等)刺激的; 辣的, 苦的-smelling sweat

apathetic冷淡的about the war,

were being lashed 驅使; 激起, 煽動[(+into)] into one of their periodical frenzies of patriotism.

shops were looted (總稱)戰利品; 掠奪物; 贓物in the turmoil

the fact of impending death seemed as palpable可觸知的; 可摸到的; 極其明瞭的 as the bed they lay on

like a damned soul grasping at his last morsel (食物的)一口, 一片of pleasure

At first, indeed, she failed to grasp the point of the story.

'You're only a rebel from the waist downwards,' he told her.
She thought this brilliantly witty and flung her arms round him in delight.


In the ramifications分枝; 分派; 縱橫交錯 of party doctrine she had not the faintest interest.

She knew when to cheer and when to boo (表示不滿、輕蔑等)噓

By lack of understanding they remained sane.

disarming消除敵意的; 使人消氣的 friendliness


interminable沒完沒了的, 無止盡的; 冗長不堪的 distances

It was a memory that he must have deliberately pushed out of
his consciousness over many years.

lack of superfluous過剩的; 多餘的, 不必要的 motion

with a face made simian (像)類人猿的; (像)猴的 by thinness

a bed with a white counterpane床單
he was constantly pilfering偷竊 at the wretched store of food on the shelf.

on the dingy骯髒的; 衣衫襤褸的white-quilted bed

primitive emotions which he himself had to re-learn by conscious effort

And don't be too downhearted灰心喪氣的, 沮喪的.

impregnable攻不破的, 難以攻陷的; 堅不可摧的








admitted the two of them without demur猶豫; 有顧慮; 反對


a sort of catechism (天主教)教義問答; 問答方式的講解, most of whose answers were known to him already.



with a faint air of persiflage戲弄; 挖苦

unflinchingly不畏縮地

it was impossible to believe that he could be defeated

'Oranges and lemons, say the bells of St Clement's,
You owe me three farthings, say the bells of St Martin's,
When will you pay me? say the bells of Old Bailey,
When I grow rich, say the bells of Shoreditch.'


Winston was gelatinous with fatigue.

translucency半透明

haranguing高談闊論, 熱烈的演說[C]

tepid微溫的, 溫熱的


gyroscope迴轉儀 will always return to equilibrium

and reprisals報復

the fecundity多產; 豐饒; 肥沃 and industriousness of its inhabitants


dilapidated快要倒塌的; 損壞的, 破爛的

drudgery苦工; 賤役; 單調沈悶的工作[U]

the destruction of a hierarchical等級制度的 society

In the long run, a hierarchical society was only possible on a
basis of poverty and ignorance.

quasi類似的; 外表的; 半的; 準的 -instinctive

stagnate淤塞; 腐敗

stratosphere【氣】同溫層; 平流層
In principle the war effort is always so planned as to eat up any surplus that might exist after meeting the bare needs of the population.

because a general state of scarcity increases the importance of small privileges and thus magnifies the distinction between one group and another.

adulation諂媚, 奉承

orgiastic狂歡的; 狂飲的; 縱慾的 triumph

the entire war is spurious假的; 偽造的; 欺騙性的

The two aims of the Party are to conquer the whole surface of
the earth and to extinguish once and for all the possibility of independent
thought.

torpedo魚雷; 水雷

make retaliation報復 impossible

Death-Worship, but perhaps better rendered as Obliteration塗去; 刪除; 忘卻 of the Self

the tenets信條; 主義; 教義; 宗旨; 原則 of the other two philosophies

inimical敵意的, 不友好的



interstellar星際的 space

imposture詐欺

the victor always plundered the vanquished

The war is waged by each ruling group against its own subjects


intact完整無缺的; 原封不動的; 未受損傷的[F]

The best books, he perceived, are those that tell you what you know already.

sat up against the bedhead

He propped the book against his knees and began reading.


Every new political theory, by whatever name it called itself, led back to hierarchy and regimentation組織化; 系統化

Totalitarian

This last difference was cardinal重要的, 主要的.

oligarchy寡頭政治; 實行寡頭政治的國家
collectivism集體主義; 集產主義[U]

'abolition of private

the capitalist class were expropriated剝奪...的所有權

there is no way in which discontent can become articulate

live in a continuous frenzy of hatred of foreign enemies and internal traitors

tolerates present-day conditions partly because he has no standards of comparison

to rearrange one's memories or to tamper損害, 削弱; 竄改with written
records

DOUBLETHINK means the power of holding two contradictory beliefs in one's
mind simultaneously, and accepting both of them.

to use conscious deception while retaining the firmness of purpose that goes with complete honesty. To tell deliberate lies while genuinely believing in them

calamity災難; 大禍; 大災害

intermittently間歇地
vilifies誹謗 every principle for which the Socialist movement originally stood, and it chooses to do this in the name of Socialism.

WHY should human equality be averted避開, 移開?

paraphernalia隨身用具; 繁複的手續




They sye that time 'eals all things,
They sye you can always forget;
But the smiles an' the tears acrorss the years
They twist my 'eart-strings yet!'

the body of a woman of fifty, blown up to monstrous dimensions by
childbearing, then hardened, roughened by work till it was coarse in the
grain like an over-ripe turnip

supple易彎曲的, 柔軟的waist easily encircled by his arm

He could just stop his teeth from chattering.

There was a stampede (畜群的)驚逃, 亂竄; (軍隊的)大潰退of boots up the stairs.

truncheons (粗短的)棍子

The feeling of nakedness, with one's hands behind one's head and one's face and body all exposed, was almost unbearable.

solar plexus【醫】太陽神經叢; 心窩肌

gnawing咬; 啃[U]

But the craving for food was growing upon him

There was bribery, favouritism, and racketeering敲詐勒索; 詐騙錢財[U] of every kind

drug-peddlers小販

an air of ruffianism兇惡; 粗暴行為

sanctimonious假裝虔誠的; 假裝聖潔的

insidious (疾病等)不知不覺間加劇的; 隱伏的

turned quickly away again when he caught anyone's eye

a shade of green


inconceivable不能想像的; 不可思議的

In the face of pain there are no heroes

recuperate恢復; 挽回

rotund圓的; 矮而胖的 men
respite暫時的休息(或喘息); (痛苦的)緩解, 暫止
prevaricate支吾; 說謊

he had the air of a teacher taking pains with a wayward but promising child.



vindicate證明...無辜, 為...辯白you

prostrated使俯臥; 弄倒

break an ampoule【醫】安瓿(裝一次用量的針劑) and draw back the plunger【機】活塞 of a syringe


reintegration重新結合

What can you do, thought Winston, against the lunatic who is more intelligent than yourself, who gives your arguments a fair hearing and then simply persists in his lunacy?

no one ever seizes power with the intention of relinquishing放棄; 撤出; 棄絕it

Power is not a means, it is an end. One does not establish a dictatorship in order to safeguard a revolution; one makes the revolution in order to establish the dictatorship.

levitation (超自然力造成的)升空, 飄浮


mastodons【古生】乳齒象

Whatever he said, the swift answer crushed him like a bludgeon棍棒.

solipsism【哲】唯我論

Collective solipsism

'How does one man assert his power over another, Winston?'
Winston thought. 'By making him suffer,' he said.

Procreation生產; 生殖

despotism專制君主統治; 專制政治

malleable展延性的 (adaptable, changeable, flexible, pliant

to disseminate散播; 宣傳 venereal diseases, to throw vitriol【化】硫酸(鹽); 礬 in a child's face



He had capitulated (有條件地)投降[(+to)]


It was like swimming against a current that swept you backwards
however hard you struggled, and then suddenly deciding to turn round and
go with the current instead of opposing it. Nothing had changed except
your own attitude.

Stupidity was as necessary as intelligence, and as difficult to
attain.

a kind of cyst【生】囊胞, 包囊

two small tables covered with green baize一種似氈的厚毛呢; 臺面呢

by impalement刺穿

oblong矩形的

premonitory預告的; 前兆的; 【醫】前驅性的

didactically教導地

unbidden未受命令的, 未受指使的; 自願的

sinecure近於無工作的有薪職位
An extraordinary medley of feeling--but it was not a medley, exactly; rather it was successive layers of feeling, in which one could not say which layer was undermost--struggled inside him.

Something was killed in your breast: burnt out, cauterized燒灼; 腐蝕out.

The tears welled up in his eyes.

A passing waiter noticed that his glass was empty and came back with the gin bottle.

he was a fixture in the Chestnut Tree

abstruse深奧的, 難懂的

imperturbable沈著的; 冷靜的
Snakes and Ladders蛇梯棋

bolster長枕; 墊枕; 靠枕




amalgam混合物
euphony聲音的和諧; 諧音; 悅耳語音
worshipped 'false gods'- Baal, Osiris, Moloch, Ashtaroth, and the
like

fornication通姦

the Declaration of Independence:

WE HOLD THESE TRUTHS TO BE SELF-EVIDENT, THAT ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL,
THAT THEY ARE ENDOWED BY THEIR CREATOR WITH CERTAIN INALIENABLE RIGHTS,
THAT AMONG THESE ARE LIFE, LIBERTY, AND THE PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS.
THAT TO SECURE THESE RIGHTS, GOVERNMENTS ARE INSTITUTED AMONG MEN,
DERIVING THEIR POWERS FROM THE CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED. THAT WHENEVER
ANY FORM OF GOVERNMENT BECOMES DESTRUCTIVE OF THOSE ENDS, IT IS THE RIGHT
OF THE PEOPLE TO ALTER OR ABOLISH IT, AND TO INSTITUTE NEW GOVERNMENT...

Jefferson panegyric頌文